Functions Of Management
Functions Of Management
Management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals working together in-groups efficiently accomplishes selected aims.
Functions of the management includes:-
• Planning
• Organizing
• Staffing
• Leadership
• Motivating
• Communication
• Controlling
Planning Involves selecting missions and objectives and the actions to achieve them; it requires decision making, that is, choosing future courses of action from other alternatives. Planning bridges to gap from where we are to where we want to go. Morel plan exists until a decision –a commitment of human or material resources has been made. Before a decision is made, all that exists is a planning study, an analysis, or a proposal; there is no real plan.
Organizing Is a part of managing that involves establishing an intentional structure of roles and positions for people to fill in an organization. For an organizational role to exist and be meaningful to people, it must incorporate
1) Clear idea of the major duties or activities involved and
2) An understood area of discretion or authority so that the person filling the role knows what be or she can do to accomplish goals. It is in this sense that we think of organizing as:
• The identification and classification of required activities
• The grouping of activities necessary to attain objectives
• The assignment of each grouping to a manager with the authority (delegation) necessary to supervise it, and
• The provision for coordination horizontally and vertically on the organizational structure.
Staffing Involves filling and keeping filled the positions in the organization structure. This is done by identifying work force requirements; inventorying the people available; and recruiting, selecting, placing, promoting appraising, planning the careers of compensating and training or otherwise developing both candidates and current jobholders to accomplish theirs tasks effectively and efficiently.
Leadership is defined as the art or process of influencing people so that they will strive willingly and enthusiastically towards the achievement of group goals. Ideally, people should be encouraged to develop not only willingness to work but also willingness to work with zeal and confidence. Zeal is ardor, earnestness, and intensity in the in the execution of work; confidence reflects experience and technical ability. Leaders act to help a group attain objectives through the maximum application of its capabilities. They do not stand behind the group to push and prod; they place themselves before the group as they facilitate progress and inspire the group to accomplish organizational goals.
The most important problems arise from people-their desires and attitudes, their behaviour as individuals and in-groups –and that effective managers also need to be effective leaders. Since leadership implies followership and people tend to follow those who offer a make of satisfying their own needs wishes and desires, it is understandable that leading involves motivation, leadership styles and communication.
Motivation is the process that accounts for an individual’s intensity, direction and persistence of effort towards attaining a goal.
Intensity is concerned with how hard a person tries. This is the element most of as focus on when we talk about motivation. However high intensity is unlikely to lead to favorable Job performance outcome unless the effort is channeled in a direction that benefits the organization. There fore, we have to consider the quality of effort as well as its intensity. Finally motivation has a persistence dimension. This is a measure of how long a person can maintain their effort. Motivated individuals stag with a task long enough to achieve their goal.
Communication It is the process of passing information and understanding from one person to another. A successful manager should develop an effective system of communication so that he may issue instructions and receive the reactions of the subordinates and motivate them.
A communication is useless until it is transmitted and understood by others. Perfect communication would exist when a thought or idea was transmitted so that the mental picture perceived by the receiver was exactly the same as that envisioned by the sender.
Controlling is the measuring and correcting of activities of subordinates to ensure that events conform to plans. It measures performance against goals and plans show where negative deviation exists, and, by putting in motion actions to correct deviations, help ensure accomplishment of plans. Although planning must precede controlling, plans are not self achieving plans guide managers in the use of resources to accomplish specific goals; then activities are checked to determine whether they conform to the plans.
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