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Organizational Behavior- Meaning and Scope

Organizational Behavior
Organizational behavior is field of study that illustrates the impact that individual, groups and structure have on behavior within organization for his purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving an organization affective ness i.e. Organizational behavior is concussed with the study of what people do in an organization and how that behavior affects the performance of the organization. Underlying this systematic approach is the belief that behavior is not random. It stems from and is directed towards some and that individual believes, rightly or wrongly, is in his or her best interest.
Organizational behavior is an applied behavioral science that is built on contribution from a number of behavioral disciplines. The predominant areas are:-
• Psychology:- The science that sets to explain and sometimes change the behavior of human being. The contribution includes study of topics like Motivation, personality, Emotions, Job Satisfaction etc.

• Sociology:- The study people in relation to them human beings. The contribution includes study of topics like Group dynamics, work team, communication, power etc.

• Anthropology:- The study of societies to learn about human being and their activities. The contribution includes study of topics like organizational culture, organizational environment, cross-cultural analysis etc.

• Political science:- The study of individual and groups within a political environment. The contribution includes the study of topics like conflict, Intra-organizational politics, power etc.

One of the most important and broad based challenges currently facing organizations is adapting to people who are different. The term to describe this challenge is work force diversity. While globalization focuses on differences between people from different countries work force diversity addresses differences among people within given countries.
Work force means that organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of gender, which varies from the so-called norm. It includes women, south Indians, Bengalines, Punjabis, physically disabled, elderly etc.
Work forces diversity has important implications for management practice. Managers have to shift their philosophy from treating everyone alike to recognizing differences and responding to those differences in ways that ensure employee retention and greater productivity while at the sometimes, not (page no 7) discriminating. This shift includes, for instead, providing diversity training and revamping benefits programs to accommodate the different employees. Work force diversity if positively managed, can increase creativity and innovation in organizations as well as improve decision making by providing different perspectives on problems. When work diversity is not managed properly, there is potential for higher turnover, more difficult communication and more interpersonal conflicts.

Scope & Contemporary Challenges to Organizational Behavior
Organizational behavior is a field of study that investigates that impact that individuals, groups and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose applying, such knowledge towards improving an organization’s effectiveness.
Organizational behavior is concerned with the study of what people do in an organizations end how that behavior affects the performance of an organization.
There are lot of challenges today for managers to use Organizational behavior concepts. These include:
• Responding to Globalization:- Globalization affects a manager’s people skills in at least two ways. First, if a manager is transferred to his employer’s operating division or subsidiary in another another country. Once there, he has to manage a work force that is likely to be very different in needs, aspirations, and attends from those he used to work back home. Second even in his own country a manager is going to find himself working with bosses, peers, and other employees who were born and raised in different culture what motivates one person may not motivate another person. Or the manager’s style of communication may be straight forward and threatening. To work effectively with these people, the manager will need to understand their culture, how it is shaped, and how to adapt his management style to their differences.

• Managing workforce diversity:- One of the most important and broad based challenges currently facing organizations is adapting people who are different. While globalization focuses on differences between people from different countries, workforce diversity addresses difference among people within given countries.

Workforce diversity means that organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of gender, race and ethnicity. Employees don’t set aside their cultural values and lifestyle preferences when the come to work. The challenge for organizations, therefore, is to make them more accommodating to diverse group of people by addressing their different lifestyle, family needs and work style.

Workforce diversity has important implications for management practice. Managers have to shift their philosophy from treating everyone alike to recognizing differences and responding to those differences in ways that ensure employee retention and greater productivity while, at the same time, not discriminating. This shift includes for instance providing diversity training and revamping benefits programs to accommodate the different needs of different employees. Diversity if positively managed can increase creativity and innovation in organizations as well as improve decision making by providing different perspectives on problems. When diversity is not managed properly, there communication and more interpersonal conflicts.

Quality management is driven by constant attainment of customer satisfaction through the continuous improvement of all organizational processes. It has implications for Organizational behavior because it requires employees to rethink what they do and become more involved in workplace decisions.

Today’s managers understand that the success of any effort at improving quality and productivity must include their employees. These employees will not only be a major force in carrying out changes but increasingly participate in planning those changes. Organizational behavior offers important insights into helping managers work through there changes.

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